speed and duplex auto negotiation
Categories of Ethernet
Major categories of Ethernet have also been organized by their speed:
• Ethernet (10Mbps)
• Fast Ethernet (100Mbps)
• Gigabit Ethernet
• 10 Gigabit Ethernet
The physical standards for Ethernet are often labeled by their transmission
rate, signaling type, and media type. For example, 100baseT represents the
following:
• The first part (100) represents the transmission rate, in Mbps.
• The second part (base) indicates that it is a baseband transmission.
• The last part (T) represents the physical media type (twisted-pair).
Ethernet communication is baseband, which dedicates the entire capacity of
the medium to one signal or channel. In broadband, multiple signals or
channels can share the same link, through the use of modulation (usually
frequency modulation).
Ethernet (10 Mbps)
Ethernet is now a somewhat generic term, describing the entire family of
technologies. However, Ethernet traditionally referred to the original 802.3
standard, which operated at 10 Mbps. Ethernet supports coax, twisted-pair,
and fiber cabling. Ethernet over twisted-pair uses two of the four pairs.
Common Ethernet physical standards include:
Both 10baseT and 10baseF support full-duplex operation, effectively
doubling the bandwidth to 20 Mbps. Remember, only a connection between
two hosts or between a host and a switch support full-duplex. The
maximum distance of an Ethernet segment can be extended through the use
of a repeater. A hub or a switch can also serve as a repeater.
Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps)
In 1995, the IEEE formalized 802.3u, a 100 Mbps revision of Ethernet that
became known as Fast Ethernet. Fast Ethernet supports both twisted-pair
copper and fiber cabling, and supports both half-duplex and full-duplex.
Common Fast Ethernet physical standards include:
100baseT4 was never widely implemented, and only supported half-duplex
operation. 100baseTX is the dominant Fast Ethernet physical standard.
100baseTX uses two of the four pairs in a twisted-pair cable, and requires
Category 5 cable for reliable performance.
Gigabit Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet operates at 1000 Mbps, and supports both twisted-pair
(802.3ab) and fiber cabling (802.3z). Gigabit over twisted-pair uses all four
pairs, and requires Category 5e cable for reliable performance.
Gigabit Ethernet is backwards-compatible with the original Ethernet and
Fast Ethernet. A device that supports all three is often referred to as a
10/100/1000 device. Gigabit Ethernet supports both half-duplex or fullduplex
operation. Full-duplex Gigabit Ethernet effectively provides 2000
Mbps of throughput.
Common Gigabit Ethernet physical standards include:
In modern network equipment, Gigabit Ethernet has replaced both Ethernet
and Fast Ethernet.
10 Gigabit Ethernet
10 Gigabit Ethernet operates at 10000 Mbps, and supports both twisted-pair
(802.3an) and fiber cabling (802.3ae). 10 Gigabit over twisted-pair uses all
four pairs, and requires Category 6 cable for reliable performance.
Common Gigabit Ethernet physical standards include:
10 Gigabit Ethernet is usually used for high-speed connectivity within a
datacenter, and is predominantly deployed over fiber.
Categories of Ethernet
The original 802.3 Ethernet standard has evolved over time, supporting
faster transmission rates, longer distances, and newer hardware technologies.
These revisions or amendments are identified by the letter appended to the
standard, such as 802.3u or 802.3z.
faster transmission rates, longer distances, and newer hardware technologies.
These revisions or amendments are identified by the letter appended to the
standard, such as 802.3u or 802.3z.
Major categories of Ethernet have also been organized by their speed:
• Ethernet (10Mbps)
• Fast Ethernet (100Mbps)
• Gigabit Ethernet
• 10 Gigabit Ethernet
The physical standards for Ethernet are often labeled by their transmission
rate, signaling type, and media type. For example, 100baseT represents the
following:
• The first part (100) represents the transmission rate, in Mbps.
• The second part (base) indicates that it is a baseband transmission.
• The last part (T) represents the physical media type (twisted-pair).
Ethernet communication is baseband, which dedicates the entire capacity of
the medium to one signal or channel. In broadband, multiple signals or
channels can share the same link, through the use of modulation (usually
frequency modulation).
Ethernet (10 Mbps)
Ethernet is now a somewhat generic term, describing the entire family of
technologies. However, Ethernet traditionally referred to the original 802.3
standard, which operated at 10 Mbps. Ethernet supports coax, twisted-pair,
and fiber cabling. Ethernet over twisted-pair uses two of the four pairs.
Common Ethernet physical standards include:
Both 10baseT and 10baseF support full-duplex operation, effectively
doubling the bandwidth to 20 Mbps. Remember, only a connection between
two hosts or between a host and a switch support full-duplex. The
maximum distance of an Ethernet segment can be extended through the use
of a repeater. A hub or a switch can also serve as a repeater.
Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps)
In 1995, the IEEE formalized 802.3u, a 100 Mbps revision of Ethernet that
became known as Fast Ethernet. Fast Ethernet supports both twisted-pair
copper and fiber cabling, and supports both half-duplex and full-duplex.
Common Fast Ethernet physical standards include:
100baseT4 was never widely implemented, and only supported half-duplex
operation. 100baseTX is the dominant Fast Ethernet physical standard.
100baseTX uses two of the four pairs in a twisted-pair cable, and requires
Category 5 cable for reliable performance.
Gigabit Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet operates at 1000 Mbps, and supports both twisted-pair
(802.3ab) and fiber cabling (802.3z). Gigabit over twisted-pair uses all four
pairs, and requires Category 5e cable for reliable performance.
Gigabit Ethernet is backwards-compatible with the original Ethernet and
Fast Ethernet. A device that supports all three is often referred to as a
10/100/1000 device. Gigabit Ethernet supports both half-duplex or fullduplex
operation. Full-duplex Gigabit Ethernet effectively provides 2000
Mbps of throughput.
Common Gigabit Ethernet physical standards include:
In modern network equipment, Gigabit Ethernet has replaced both Ethernet
and Fast Ethernet.
10 Gigabit Ethernet
10 Gigabit Ethernet operates at 10000 Mbps, and supports both twisted-pair
(802.3an) and fiber cabling (802.3ae). 10 Gigabit over twisted-pair uses all
four pairs, and requires Category 6 cable for reliable performance.
Common Gigabit Ethernet physical standards include:
10 Gigabit Ethernet is usually used for high-speed connectivity within a
datacenter, and is predominantly deployed over fiber.
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